Geography
Geography coordinates
33 00 N, 44 00 E
Area
Total: 438,317 sq km
Land: 437,367 sq km
Water: 950 sq km
Land Boundaries
Total: 3,809 km
Border countries (6): Iran 1,599 km, Jordan 179 km, Kuwait 254 km, Saudi Arabia 811 km, Syria 599 km, Turkey 367 km
Coastline
58 km
Climate
Mostly desert; mild to cold winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq.
Terrain
Mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey.
Land Use
Middle East, bordering the Arabian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Location
Middle East, bordering the Arabian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Land Use
Agriculture Land: 18.1%
Arable Land 8.4%; permanent crops 0.5%; permanent pasture 9.2%
Forest: 1.9%
Other: 80% (2011 est.)
Irrigated Land
35,250 sq km (2012)
People and Society
Population
40 Million (2019 est.)
Languages
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official), Turkmen (a Turkish dialect), Syriac (Neo-Aramaic), and Armenian are official in areas where native speakers of these languages constitute a majority of the population)
Age Structure
0-14 years: 39.46% (male 7,895,522/female 7,569,205)
15-24 years: 19.25% (male 3,841,375/female 3,702,187)
25-54 years: 33.84% (male 6,704,201/female 6,558,108)
55-64 years: 3.99% (male 752,598/female 812,683)
65 years and over: 3.46% (male 601,937/female 754,295) (2017 est.)
Population growth rate
2.55% (2017 est.)
Birth rate
30.4 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Death rate
3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Life Expectancy at birth
Total population: 74.9 years
Male: 72.6 years
Female: 77.2 years (2017 est.)
Health Expenditures
Physicians Density: 0.85 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
Hospital Bed Density: 1.4 beds/1,000 population (2014)
Economy
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$652.6 billion (2017 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$192.7 billion (2017 est.)
GDP- real growth rate
1.1% (2017 est.)
11% (2016 est.)
4.8% (2015 est.)
GDP-per capita (PPP)
$17,000 (2017 est.)
GDP – composition, by sector of origin
Agriculture: 4.8%
Industry: 40.6%
Services: 54.6% (2017 est.)
Labor Force
9.8 million (2017 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
Agriculture: 21.6%
Industry: 18.7%
Services: 59.8% (2008 est.)
Imports
$36.47 billion (2017 est.)
Imports – commodities
Food, medicine, vehicles, equipment, electronics, others
Imports – partners
Turkey 27.8%, China 25.7%, Iran 5.5%, South Korea 4.7%, Russia 4.3% (2017)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$47 billion (December 2018 est.)
Unemployed rate
22% (2017 est.)
Population below poverty line
25% (2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
36% of GDP (2017 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-11% of GDP (2017 est.)
Public debt
63.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Fiscal year
Calendar Year
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2% (2017 est.)
Exports
$56.74 billion (2017 est.)
Exports – commodities
Crude oil 99%, crude materials excluding fuels, food, live animals
Exports – partners
India 21.2%, China 20.2%, US 15.8%, South Korea 9.4%, Greece 5.3%, Netherlands 4.8%, Italy 4.7% (2017)
Debt - external
$73.43 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment – at home
$26.63 billion (2015 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$2.109 billion (2015 est.)
Exchange rates
Iraqi Dinar (IQD) per US dollar
Official exchange rate: 1,184 (2019 est.)
Market exchange rate: 1,200 (2019 est.)
Energy
Electricity access
Population without electricity: 600,000
Electricity production
18,000 MW (June 2019)
Crude oil – production
4.454 million bbl/day (2019 est.)
Refined petroleum products - production
398,000 bbl/day (2019 est.)
Refined petroleum products - consumption
826,000 bbl/day (2016 est.)
Refined petroleum products - exports
7,080 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Refined petroleum products - imports
295,300 bbl/day (2014 est.)
Natural gas - production
1.3 billion cu m (2018 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
1.002 billion cu m (2015 est.)
Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2013 est.)
Natural gas - imports
0 cu m (2013 est.)
Natural gas – proved reserves
3.158 trillion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy
137 million Mt (2013 est.)
Communications
Telephone – fixed lines
Total subscriptions: 2,918,396 (2017 est.)
Subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2017 est.)
Internet users
Total: 9.5M (July 2018 est.)
Percent of population: 23.75% (July 2018 est.)
Internet country code
.iq
Telephone – mobile cellular
Total: 33,335,316 (2017 est.)
Subscription per 100 inhabitants: 77 (July 2016 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 42
Irrigated Land
35,250 sq km (2012)
Transportation
Roadways
Total: 59,623 km
Paved: 59,623 km (includes Kurdistan Region) (2012)
Railways
Total: 2,272 km
Standard gauge: 2,272 km 1.435-m gauge (2014)
Pipelines
Gas 2,455 km; liquid petroleum gas 913 km; oil 5,432 km; refined products 1,637 km (2013)
Waterways
5,279 km (the Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third river (565 km) are the principal waterways) (2012)
National air Career
Iraqi Airways (IA)
Ports
All ports of Iraq in the province of Basra south of Iraq.
Um Qasr Port South
Um Qasr Port North
Khor Al-Zubair Port
Al-Maakal Port
Abu Floos Port
International Airports
Baghdad Airport
Basra Airport
Erbil Airport
Sulaimaniya Airport
Mosul Airport
Najaf Airport